Group Facilitation

Index

• Introduction
• The Role of Facilitator
• Managerial Skills and Qualities
• Personal Skills and Qualities
• Problems Facilitator May Encounter

Introduction

What is Facilitation?

To facilitate is
"to free from difficulties or obstacles"
"to make easy or easier"

or

"to carry out a set of functions or activities before, during and after a meeting to help the group achieve its own objectives"

Advantages of Group Facilitation

• productivity
• group motivation, commitment and confidence
• better climate for radical change
• optimised group dynamics

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The Role of Facilitator

The facilitator is there to ensure a productive group process whether this is brainstorming a new idea or discussing the latest employee appraisals. The facilitator has a role within the group which comes down to the three following headings. The role of the facilitator is to ensure that the group works as a constructive and cohesive unit. This task has three parts:

• Leadership

  FOCUS To provide a focus for the group when the leader fails to fulfil their role.

  STIMULATE To encourage constructive debate between group members.

  SUPPORT To bring out information from introvertted members of the group and to allow new ideas to be submitted.

  PARTICIPATE When the group is interacting poorly or in the wrong direction the facilitator must be willing to promote new discussion.

  TEAM BUILDING To form a cohesive, interactive and productive team.

• Referee

  REGULATION To maintain order of the group discussion, discouraging participants from talking at the same time, or dominating the floor.

  PROTECT MEMBERS To ensure that all contributions to the discussion are treated equally and that no-one is rebuffed for their input.

  DEAL WITH PROBLEMS To control problem people within the group allowing everyone to participate freely.

  TIMEKEEPER To adhere to the meeting timetable thus ensuring completion of the agenda.

• Neutral

  PRAGMATIC To take a detached look at the discussion viewing each point on its merits.

  ENCOURAGE FEEDBACK To promote discussion of each point raised, by all members of the group.

  THE FACILITATOR must be a neutral to the discussion, taking a pragmatic view of all points raised. This frees the facilitator to concentrate on the group rather then the content of the discussion and hence they can ask pertinent and stimulating questions.

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Managerial Skills and Qualities

To be effective in the role of a facilitator the person needs to be effective as a manager, requiring several skills and qualities to be able to guide the meeting smoothly.

• Communication

  The ability to put over points using all the techniques available both verbal and non verbal, receptive listening is also an important tool.

• Planning

  To arrange the venue for the meeting and to set it up in such a way that all barriers are removed between facilitator and audience. The time allocation to the meeting has to include time for discussions and feedback sessions.

• Leadership

  To forge a team from a group of individuals through motivation and empowerment of the individuals. Delegation of tasks is essential to being a good leader also knowing when to stand back and let the team have its head and when to take the initiative.

• Training

  Based upon knowing what the team needs to ensure that it becomes an efficient and effective unit. This is achieved through evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the individual members.

• Problem Identification

  Knowing that there is a problem is not enough you have to be able to get to its root cause be it human or mechanical. Both can be assessed via brain storming and analysis sessions with the team or on an individual basis. This will lead to decision making based upon past experiences.

• Consulting

  The facilitator can not just stand up and give a formal lecture to the audience. They need to involve the audience and let them know what is going to be on the agenda. To get the audience to participate they need to be a catalyst for discussion and where necessary reform points made and feed it back to the audience to think about.

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Personal skills and qualities

• Flexibility

  The ability to fulfil different group roles; leader, supporter, inquisitor etc. in order to keep the group process fluid and maximise potential.

• Confidence

  To instil confidence in the group by appearing purposeful and in control, therefore subduing group insecurities.

• Authenticity

  To be consistent in approach to the task, not moving the goal posts, becoming trustworthy to the group.

• Patience/Perseverance

  To appreciate the difficulties of group working and have the determination to see a task finished.

• Leadership (Presence)

  To have the respect of the group to become the surrogate leader if and when required.

• Integrity

  To be an example to the group of how to conduct oneself at work.

• Initiating

  To be able to start the group working on the task or when a problem is discovered/developed to find an alternative way around it to maintain the working.

• Respectable

  To have the admiration of the group as being a person whom they can trust the judgement of.

• Perceptive

  To have the capability to recognise undertones in the group; using the positive ones to the group's advantage and countering the negative ones to diminish them.

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Problems Facilitators May Encounter

• Quiet/Shy Participant - a group member is not participating as the facilitator thinks they should. This may be because the participant is:
  • shy, timid or insecure
  • indifferent to the topics being discussed
  • bored
  • feeling superior
  • distracted by pressing issues outside the meeting
  • having trouble understanding the topic under discussion in conflict with other group members
  Possible Solutions:
  • make eye contact with the participant and ask a simple question
  • involve the participant in a small subgroup discussion and ask them for an oral summary of their discussion
  • recognise his/her contribution immediately, sincerely and encourage more
  • ask during a break or in private about why the participant is so quiet
  • suggest that everyone takes a turn in sharing their opinion

• Overly Talkative Participant - a group member talks too much, rambles on repeatedly and is generally dominant. This may be caused by:
  • a natural need for attention
  • being overly prepared/unprepared for the meeting
  • wanting to flaunt a large vocabulary or extensive knowledge
  • having the most authority
  Possible Solutions:
  • glance at your watch whilst the participant is speaking
  • during a pause for breath, thank the participant for their comments, and restate the agenda
  • emphasising relevant points and time limits
  • ask the participant to explain how their comments adds value to the topic in hand
  • reflect their comments back to the group
  • remind everyone of the time limit

• Side Conversation - a group member is disrupting the meeting by being involved in too many side conversations. This may be because the participant:
  • feels the need to introduce an item not on the agenda
  • is bored with the meeting
  • has a point to raise that they feel makes other items on the agenda less important
  • is discussing a related topic but not being heard
  • wants to be the centre of attention
  Possible Solutions:
  • ask the participant to share their idea with the group
  • get up and casually walk around near the participants having the side conversation
  • call the participant by name and ask if they want to add the topic of their discussion to the agenda
  • restate a recently made point and ask for the participants opinion

• Overly Disagreeable Participant - a group member is highly argumentative or generally antagonistic. This may be because they:
  • have a combative personality
  • are upset by others opinions or a specific meeting issue
  • are a show-off by nature
  • are unable to make suggestions constructively
  • feel that they are being ignored
  Possible Solutions:
  • paraphrase the participant's comments, and after their response, recap his/her position in objective terms
  • find merit in the participant's suggestions, express agreement, then move on
  • respond to the participant's comments, not the attack
  • open the discussion of the participant's comments to the group
  • mention that, due to time constraints, the comments can be put on the agenda for the next meeting

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